Pioneering Dual-Mode Nuclear Propulsion for the Future of Deep Space Exploration
BANTER (Bimodal Ammonia Nuclear Thermal/Electric Rocket) is an ambitious Horizon Europe project that aims to revolutionize space propulsion by developing a bimodal nuclear propulsion system using ammonia (NH3) as a common propellant. The concept combines two modes of propulsion—nuclear thermal and electric—into a single, integrated, high-performance system capable of enabling long-range missions across the Earth-Moon system and beyond.
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Why it matters
By leveraging advanced ammonia decomposition methods enhanced through catalysis, thermolysis, and radiolysis within a nuclear reactor’s cooling channels, BANTER introduces a paradigm shift in space propulsion.
The result: a compact, reusable, and cost-efficient technology with significant benefits for sustainability, autonomy, and payload flexibility in future European space missions.
Key objectives
Bimodal Propulsion System Design
Create a revolutionary ammonia-based nuclear propulsion system combining thermal and electric thrust to enable sustainable deep space missions.
NH₃ Decomposition under Nuclear Conditions
Demonstrate ammonia decomposition in coolant channels, leveraging catalysis, thermolysis, and radiolysis for optimized thermal propulsion.
Ammonia-Fed Electric Propulsion
Develop and test a low-thrust electric propulsion unit (arcjet or MPD) operating efficiently on decomposed ammonia.
Lab-Scale Prototype Validation
Build and validate three lab-scale subsystems: a thrust channel, an irradiated coolant channel, and an ammonia-fed electric thruster.
Qualification Roadmap to Higher TRLs
Define a complete roadmap to scale system components up to TRL 4 and beyond, supporting future qualification and operational deployment.
BANTER is driven by a strong European consortium combining academic excellence, technical expertise, and market insight.
3 PROTOTYPES
thrust channel, coolant channel, electric thruster
Open Brayton cycle
Innovative power generation system
>450 s
specific impulse (nuclear thermal propulsion)
>1000 s
specific impulse (electric propulsion)
TRL 4
target for all key subsystems
Contact us
BANTER is designing the first European bimodal nuclear propulsion system using ammonia for both thermal and electric thrust.